Uni Dict

EDİMBİLİMİ VE DİL ÖĞRETİMİ

  • constitutive adjective
    1. Making a thing what it is; essential.
    2. Having power to institute, establish, or enact.
    3. Of or relating to the synthesis of a protein or an enzyme at a constant rate regardless of physiological demand or the concentration of a substrate.
  • discern /dɪˈsɜːrn/ verb
    1. (not used in the progressive tenses)

      to know, recognize or understand sth, especially sth that is not obvious
      SYNONYM detect
      • It is possible to discern a number of different techniques in her work.
      • He discerned a certain coldness in their welcome.
      • It is often difficult to discern how widespread public support is.
    2. to see or hear sth, but not very clearly
      SYNONYM make out
      • We could just discern the house in the distance.
      • She could clearly discern a figure walking up towards the house.
      • > discernible adjective:
        There is often no discernible difference between rival brands.
      • His face was barely discernible in the gloom.
    Origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin discernere, from dis- ‘apart’ + cernere ‘to separate’.
  • endeavor verb
    1. to try very hard
      • We always endeavor to please our customers.
  • illocutionary act noun
    1. The concept of illocutionary acts was introduced into linguistics by the philosopher J. L. Austin in his investigation of the various aspects of speech acts. In his framework:
      => locution is what was said and meant,
      => illocution is what was done, and
      => perlocution is what happened as a result.

      > When somebody says "Is there any salt?" at the dinner table, the illocutionary act is a request: "please give me some salt" even though the locutionary act (the literal sentence) was to ask a question about the presence of salt. The perlocutionary act (the actual effect), might be to cause somebody to pass the salt.
  • interactant noun
    1. a person or thing that interacts
  • interlocutor noun
    1. a person taking part in a conversation with you
      > your interlocutor is the person you are speaking to
    2. a person or an organization that talks to another person or organization on behalf of sb else
  • locutionary act noun
    1. In linguistics and the philosophy of language, a locutionary act is the performance of an utterance, and is one of the types of force, in addition to illocutionary act and perlocutionary act, typically cited in Speech Act Theory.

      The term equally refers to the surface meaning of an utterance because, according to J. L. Austin's posthumous How To Do Things With Words, a speech act should be analysed as a locutionary act (i.e. the actual utterance and its ostensible meaning, comprising phonetic, phatic, and rhetic acts corresponding to the verbal, syntactic, and semantic aspects of any meaningful utterance), as well as an illocutionary act (the semantic 'illocutionary force' of the utterance, thus its real, intended meaning), and in certain cases a further perlocutionary act (i.e. its actual effect, whether intended or not).
  • mediate verb
    1. ~ (in sth) ~ (between A and B) to try to end a disagreement between two or more people or groups by talking to them and trying to find things that everyone can agree on

      > [VN] to mediate differences / disputes / problems
      • The Secretary-General was asked to mediate in the dispute.
      • An independent body was brought in to mediate between staff and management.
    2. [VN] to succeed in finding a solution to a disagreement between people or groups
      • They mediated a settlement.
    3. [VN] [usually passive] (formal or technical) to influence sth and/or make it possible for it to happen
      • Educational success is mediated by economic factors.
  • negotiation of meaning noun
    1. Negotiation of meaning is a process that speakers go through to reach a clear understanding of each other.

      Example
      Asking for clarification, rephrasing, and confirming what you think you have understood are all strategies for the negotiation of meaning.

      In the classroom
      Information gap activities such as jigsaw readings or listenings, group story building, spot the difference and communicative crosswords are examples of activities that give learners the opportunity to develop their communicative competence through negotiation of meaning as they share information.

      > The term “negotiation of meaning” or “negotiation for meaning” refers to the process that speakers go through to reach a clear understanding of each other in an interactive communication
  • perlocutionary act noun
    1. A perlocutionary act (or perlocutionary effect) is the effect of an utterance on an interlocutor.[1] Examples of perlocutionary acts include persuading, convincing, scaring, enlightening, inspiring, or otherwise affecting the interlocutor. The perlocutionary effect of an utterance is contrasted with the locutionary act, which is the act of producing the utterance, and with the illocutionary force, which does not depend on the utterance's effect on the interlocutor.
      > As an example, consider the following utterance: "By the way, I have a CD of Debussy; would you like to borrow it?" Its illocutionary function is an offer, while its intended perlocutionary effect might be to impress the interlocutor, or to show a friendly attitude, or to encourage an interest in a particular type of music. The actual perlocutionary effect can be different than the intended perlocutionary effect. In this example, the speaker may have intended to show a friendly attitude, but the listener might become irritated if they thought the speaker's intent was to impress them.
  • pragmatics /præɡˈmætɪks/ noun
    1. the study of the way in which language is used to express what somebody really means in particular situations, especially when the actual words used may appear to mean something different
  • prosody noun
    1. [U] (technical) the patterns of sounds and rhythms in poetry and speech; the study of this
  • sociopragmatics noun
    1. The term ‘sociopragmatics’ was coined by Leech to describe (the study of) the ways in which pragmatic meanings reflect ‘specific “local” conditions on language use’ (1983: 10), a sub-field of pragmatics that he distinguished from the study of more ‘general’ pragmatic meaning.

      “sociopragmatics” refers to the knowledge of the social conditions governing language use.
  • sui generis adjective
    1. (from Latin, formal) different from all other people or things
      SYN UNIQUE